These merchant vessels were called Cogs square rigged and single masted with sharp prows and sterns and steered by an oar or a rudder. In times of war the king called upon the merchant vessels of his subjects and manned them, in addition to their crews, with archers and men-at-arms converting the ships for war by building forecastles, after castles and crows’ nests, fortifications from which archers directed their fire onto enemy vessels. Carracks and Galleys: Battle of La Rochelle on 22nd June 1372 in the Hundred Years WarĮngland did not have a dedicated fleet of warships in the 14th Century.
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